Brain Disorders
Comprehensive explanations of brain tumors, aneurysms, hemorrhages
Overview
Brain disorders encompass a wide spectrum. Early diagnosis is critical.
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Glioblastoma (GBM)
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. Classified as a Grade 4 glioma according to the World Health Organization (WHO), it originates from glial cells (especially astrocytes) in the brain. Due to its rapid growth characteristics, it causes serious neurological symptoms in a short time. Characterized by vascular proliferation and necrosis. Tumor cells tend to infiltrate surrounding brain tissue. Average age of occurrence is between 55-65 years. Standard treatment protocol includes surgical resection followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy (Stupp protocol). Despite optimal treatment, median survival is around 12-15 months.
Brain Tumor
Brain tumors are masses formed by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells in brain tissue. They can be benign or malignant. Successful outcomes can be achieved with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Brain Aneurysm
A brain aneurysm is a balloon-like bulge in brain blood vessels caused by weakness in the vessel wall. It carries a risk of bleeding.
Brain Hemorrhage
Brain hemorrhage is bleeding inside the skull due to various reasons. It can be life-threatening and may require emergency intervention.
Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus is the accumulation of fluid in brain ventricles due to imbalance in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production and absorption.
Meningioma
Meningioma is a tumor originating from meninges (brain membranes). It is usually benign and grows slowly.
Glioma
Gliomas are tumors that develop from glial cells in the brain. They can be low-grade or high-grade.
Ischemic Stroke
Ischemic stroke occurs when a brain blood vessel is blocked by a clot or atherosclerotic plaque, causing brain tissue damage due to lack of blood supply. It accounts for approximately 85% of all strokes. 'Time is brain' - millions of neurons are lost every minute. Treatment within the first 4.5 hours increases success rates.
Anatomy
The human brain consists of cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.