Peripheral Nerve Disorders
Surgical treatments for carpal tunnel, cubital tunnel syndromes
Overview
Peripheral nerve disorders include nerves outside brain and spinal cord.
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when a nerve (median nerve) located in a narrow passage on the inner aspect of the wrist (carpal tunnel) becomes compressed. This nerve provides sensation to the thumb, index, and middle fingers of the hand and innervates certain hand muscles. Due to the compression, the most common complaints include hand numbness (particularly worsening at night), tingling, and over time, loss of strength in the hand. If the disease is detected early, relief can be provided through non-surgical methods such as splinting, exercises, and medications. In progressive cases with significant nerve involvement, surgical decompression to relieve the compressed nerve may be considered.
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome (Elbow Nerve Compression)
Cubital tunnel syndrome results from compression of the ulnar nerve as it passes through the inner aspect of the elbow. This nerve is responsible for the tingling sensation we feel when we hit our elbow on something. When compressed, numbness and tingling occur in the ring finger (4th finger) and little finger (5th finger), as well as on the inner edge of the hand. The compression is generally worsened by prolonged elbow flexion (while sleeping, during phone conversations, or when leaning on the elbow). It is the second most common nerve compression after carpal tunnel syndrome of the wrist. If left untreated, hand muscle atrophy and weakness may develop; therefore, early detection is important.
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is compression of the posterior tibial nerve as it passes through the tarsal tunnel at the ankle.
Nerve Entrapment Syndromes
Nerve entrapment syndromes occur when peripheral nerves are compressed by anatomical structures, causing pain, numbness, and weakness. The most common types include carpal tunnel, cubital tunnel, and tarsal tunnel syndromes.
Anatomy
The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves extending to all body parts.