Pediatric Disorders
Treatments for brain and nervous system diseases in children
Overview
Pediatric neurosurgery deals with treatment in infants and children.
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Pediatric Hydrocephalus
Pediatric hydrocephalus is abnormal fluid accumulation in children's brain ventricles. It can be congenital or acquired.
Chiari Malformation (Arnold-Chiari Malformation)
Chiari malformation is a congenital structural anomaly characterized by herniation of the cerebellum and sometimes the brainstem through the large opening at the base of the skull (foramen magnum) into the spinal canal. In the most common Type 1, only the lower tips of the cerebellum descend somewhat and symptoms typically appear at a more advanced age; in many individuals there are no symptoms and the condition is incidentally discovered on MR performed for another reason. Type 2 occurs together with spinal dysraphism (spina bifida), is more prominent, and is usually recognized at birth. This herniation can obstruct the free flow of fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord (cerebrospinal fluid), leading to development of a fluid-filled cavity within the spinal cord (syrinx) or fluid accumulation in the brain (hydrocephalus). In symptomatic patients, surgery to decompress this region (posterior fossa decompression) relieves fluid flow and attempts to reduce symptoms. Early diagnosis is important in preventing permanent spinal cord damage.
Arachnoid Cyst
An arachnoid cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms between the brain or spinal cord membranes. It is usually congenital.
Spina Bifida
Spina bifida is a neural tube defect where the spine and spinal canal don't close completely during development.
Craniosynostosis
Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of skull bones that causes abnormal head shape and can restrict brain growth.
Tethered Spinal Cord Syndrome
Tethered cord syndrome occurs when the lower end of the spinal cord is abnormally attached to surrounding tissues. As the child grows, this can cause spinal cord damage. Early surgical treatment is recommended.
Anatomy
Brain and spinal development continues in children.