Glossary of Medical Terms: Neurosurgery from A to Z

Aneurysm: A balloon-like bulging in a brain blood vessel.

Arachnoid Cyst: A fluid-filled sac between the brain membranes.

CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid): The protective fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

CT (Computed Tomography): Cross-sectional imaging using X-rays.

Decompression: Surgery performed to relieve pressure.

Dura Mater: The outermost membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

E-K

EMG (Electromyography): A test that measures nerve and muscle conduction.

Endoscope: A surgical instrument with a small camera.

Fusion: The fusing together of spinal bones.

Glioma: A tumour originating from the brain's support cells (glia).

Hydrocephalus: Excessive fluid accumulation within the brain.

Craniotomy: Surgery involving the opening of the skull bone.

L-P

Laminectomy: The removal of the bony structure (lamina) at the back of the spine.

Meningioma: A generally benign tumour originating from the brain membranes.

Microdiscectomy: Herniated disc surgery performed under a microscope.

MRI (Magnetic Resonance): Imaging using a magnetic field.

Neuronavigation: A GPS-like guidance system during surgery.

Pedicle Screw: A screw used for spinal stabilisation.

R-Z

Radiosurgery: Non-surgical treatment performed with radiation (Gamma Knife).

Schwannoma: A benign tumour originating from the nerve sheath.

Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal.

Shunt: A tube system that diverts CSF to another body cavity.

Tumour Grade: The degree of aggressiveness of a tumour (Grade 1-4).

Ventricle: CSF-filled cavities within the brain.

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