Encephalocele (Cerebral Hernia)
Protrusion of brain tissue or meninges through a congenital opening in the skull.
Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery
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1Overview
Quick and clear information for patients
What is this Condition?
Symptoms
Diagnosis Methods
Diagnosis typically begins with ultrasound during pregnancy; MRI can be performed prenatally for detailed assessment. After birth, the visible sac is evaluated by physical examination. Contrast-enhanced brain MRI is the gold standard for definitive evaluation; CT can be used to clearly demonstrate the bony defect, and special MRI studies can be performed to assess vascular structures.
Treatment Methods
Treatment is surgical. The goal is to appropriately assess the protruding tissue, close the defect in the skull, repair the meninges, and correct the appearance. The timing of surgery is planned according to the infant's condition, location, and size of the sac. If cerebrospinal fluid accumulation (hydrocephalus) is present, an additional shunt procedure may be required.
References
- Greenberg MS. Handbook of Neurosurgery. 10th ed. Thieme; 2023.
- Winn HR, ed. Youmans and Winn Neurological Surgery. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2011.
- Di Rocco C, Pang D, Rutka JT, eds. Textbook of Pediatric Neurosurgery. Springer; 2020.
This content is for informational purposes and based on academic sources; consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment.
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