What is This Treatment?
A surgical procedure creating an opening in the anterior tracheal wall and inserting a cannula for patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation or with upper airway obstruction. It is frequently performed in neurosurgical patients expected to remain intubated for extended periods.
Benefits
- Ensures long-term airway security
- Improves patient comfort and reduces sedation needs
- Reduces the risk of tracheal damage
- Facilitates pulmonary hygiene and suctioning
Treatment Process
Under general anesthesia, the trachea is exposed through an anterior neck incision. An opening is created between the 2nd-3rd or 3rd-4th tracheal rings and a tracheostomy cannula is inserted. Percutaneous dilatation technique may also be used.
When is it used?
- Neurological patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation
- Airway security in upper airway obstructions
- Effective suctioning of pulmonary secretions
- Facilitating the weaning process from ventilator
Recovery and planning
Tracheostomy care includes daily dressing changes and cannula care. A speaking valve may be used as tolerated. The cannula is removed when no longer needed and the stoma closes spontaneously.
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